The H
2
Economy
H Leadership by Country
2
Bloomberg examined 15 countries at the forefront of hydrogen investment to understand the ways they are expanding the use of hydrogen.
Research Methodology
To map the current state of the hydrogen economy, we ranked countries across five key sectors and three
assessment categories, based on their use of renewably sourced hydrogen.
• These sectors are: (1) Transport, (2) Energy, (3) Heat, (4) Feedstocks and (5) Exports.
• Within each sector, countries were ranked according to the scale, robustness and maturity of hydrogen technology in the following three categories: (1) Policies & Regulations, (2) Infrastructure & Market Sophistication and (3) Research, Demonstration and Development.
• We gathered data from publicly available secondary sources made available up to October 2019.
We used the following scoring criteria:
• Within the Transport sector, the methodology preferentially scored the rollout of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and hydrogen refueling stations (HRS).
• For Energy sector applications, an analysis of hydrogen utilization preferentially scored the presence of energy storage in centralized and distributed networks.
• When considering hydrogen use in the Heat sector, the methodology preferentially scored countries using hydrogen to replace or displace natural gas in gas pipelines, as well as regulatory support for fuel cell-based combined heat and power (CHP) systems.
• When considering the role of hydrogen in Feedstock applications, the methodology preferentially scored the existence of policies like carbon taxes on industry, and the extent to which large industrial players are experimenting with renewable hydrogen-based feedstocks or have made any decarbonization commitments.
• When ranking countries based on activity in the Exports sector, the methodology preferentially scored those that have created or have shown openness to any intergovernmental export cooperation agreements.
For questions about methodology or information about sources, please contact: h2economy@bloomberg.net
Hyundai's
Commitment
to H
2
Hyundai is investing significantly in advanced hydrogen fuel cell technology to power cars, trains, buildings and homes with clean energy.
Learn More
Presented by
Representative of data as of October 2020.
Click to Explore
The State
of H Today
2
4H on
the Road
2
H Across
Borders
2
The growing international development
of hydrogen infrastructure, trade, and technology is creating unique partnerships across nations and continents.
Investing in a Hydrogen-powered Future
Our Methodology
H Stories
2
Making a hydrogen-powered future a reality
H Power:
Output: Water
Hydrogen power generation is a sustainable, zero-emission energy source
New
Like any technology, consumers have to learn about hydrogen before they can appreciate it
Fuel Cell
Myths
Outside of Manhattan, one man turns is home into North America’s first hydrogen-powered residence
The Future —
A Suburban Case Study
The leader in hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles sets its sights on buses, trains and ships
South Korea —
Ahead of the Curve
More Video Stories
Evaluates the hydrogen commitments of 15 countries across five sectors and a range of assessment categories to arrive at a single, country-specific score. A score of “3” indicates maximum support, activity and investment in hydrogen.
H Economy Ranking
2
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
About Sectors
Transport
Transport is the sector in which there is the clearest use case for hydrogen and the greatest research and investment — totaling $700M in government-driven investment in 2018. Hydrogen can be used to power fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and while approximately 11,200 passenger FCEVs were in global circulation in 2018, the greatest opportunity for hydrogen is in goods movement and long-haul trucking. This is because the alternative low-carbon options of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid technologies are still relatively immature and expensive.
Energy
Hydrogen, when combined with renewable power systems, has the potential to be both an energy storage medium and a fuel. This is because any excess power generated by renewable sources can be used to create hydrogen fuel. With the global push towards renewable energy, “green hydrogen” can play a significant role.
Heat
Hydrogen can be blended into existing natural gas distribution networks where it can be used by buildings to create heat. Approximately 10–20% of gas infrastructure capacity can be adapted at little or no cost to incorporate hydrogen, so there is a large near-term opportunity totaling 4M tons of hydrogen for heating uses by 2030.
Feedstocks
Hydrogen is mainly used in industrial applications today, with two-thirds of hydrogen feedstocks used in oil refining and ammonia production. In the future, steel manufacturing and high-temperature heat production offer significant potential for low-carbon hydrogen uses — but this will require large amounts of low-carbon power generation.
Exports
The export sector offers new opportunities for countries making progress in the hydrogen economy, and indicates where countries are partnering with each other for the export/import of hydrogen. This makes hydrogen a global commodity, thereby supporting the creation of a hydrogen economy.
Defining Sectors
Overall
Transport
Energy
Heat
Exports
Feedstocks
Overall
Transport
Energy
Heat
Feedstocks
Exports
H By the Numbers
2
The country’s transport companies will have 1,600 fuel cell electric trucks on the road by 2025
Switzerland Invests in Hydrogen Power
As hydrogen scales, countries around the world organize a full-fledged global energy ecosystem
Growing a Hydrogen Economy
Hydrogen is poised to become a major energy source in the power and manufacturing sectors
The Scope of
Change to Come
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The Scope of Change to Come
Growing a Hydrogen Economy
Switzerland Invests in Hydrogen Power
The Future — A Suburban Case Study
South Korea — Ahead of the Curve
Fuel Cell Myths
H Acceleration: Rising Tides
2
2
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Any realistic carbon neutrality solution requires the use of energy sources like hydrogen
H Sustainability:
A Key to Carbon Neutrality
2
New
H Power: Output: Water
2
Any realistic carbon neutrality solution requires the use of energy sources like hydrogen
H Sustainability:
A Key to Carbon Neutrality
2
New
Many countries are incorporating hydrogen power into policy as they build back post-pandemic
H Acceleration:
Rising Tides
2
New
Hydrogen power generation is a sustainable, zero-emission energy source
H Power:
Output: Water
2
New
Many countries are incorporating hydrogen power into policy as they build back post-pandemic
H Acceleration:
Rising Tides
2
New
H Sustainability: A Key to Carbon Neutrality
2
Germany has more than 30 power-to-gas research and demonstration projects, and 11 green hydrogen projects.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Germany
#1
Japan is building a 6,000-unit Olympic village powered exclusively by hydrogen fuel cells for the Tokyo Summer Olympics in 2020.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Japan
#2
South Korea is planning to have 6.2M fuel cell vehicles and 1.2K refueling stations by 2040, creating 420K jobs and $38BN in economic activity each year.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
South Korea
#3
Paris is home to the world’s first fuel cell electric vehicle taxi fleet, which will operate 600 vehicles by the end of 2019.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
France
#4
Released in 2020, the Dutch Climate Agreement charts a path to 50 H2 refueling stations, 15,000 passenger FCEVs, and 3,000 heavy duty FCEVs on Dutch roads by 2025.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Netherlands
#5
The U.K. is one of the first nations to research and explore the development of fully renewable hydrogen-powered trains.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
UK
#6
The U.S. has nearly half of the world’s fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), with the overwhelming majority—about 7,500—located in California.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
U.S.
#7
To stimulate investment into decarbon-ization tech, Canada has introduced a carbon pricing scheme at $15/ton of CO2, rising to $38/ton by 2022.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Canada
#8
China’s 2016 Fuel Cell Technology Roadmap aims for at least 50% of all hydrogen production to come from renewable sources (green hydrogen) by 2030.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
China
#9
A pilot project at the Yara Porsgrunn plant incorporates green hydrogen into the fertilizer production process, reducing carbon emissions and operating costs.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Norway
#10
Denmark has the world’s first countrywide hydrogen fueling station network, with 50% of the population within 15 km of the nearest station.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Denmark
#11
A Hyundai and H2 Energy joint venture will bring 1,000 heavy-duty fuel cell trucks to the Swiss commercial market over the next five years.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Switzerland
#12
The Australian government is funding a $10.7M trial program that uses renewably sourced hydrogen to generate power for the electricity grid.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Australia
#13
With a $500 billion new city, Neom, under development, the use of hydrogen technology is being considered to make the city zero-carbon.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
Saudi Arabia
#14
India
#15
Enough to power:
With a $500 billion new city, Neom, under development, the use of hydrogen technology is being considered to make the city zero-carbon.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration
India
#15
With a $500 billion new city, Neom, under development, the use of hydrogen technology is being considered to make the city zero-carbon.
Policy & Regulation
Infrastructure & Market Sophistication
Research, Development & Demonstration